Suchergebnisse

The paper deals with the analysis of the main preconditions to develop the concept of green investments marketing. Thus, the authors justified that current ecological, economic, social and political conflicts, as well as lack of financial resources, require to attract the additional investments to the national economy for the implementation of the indicators of sustainable development goals. The authors systematized the main parameters of green investments and their stakeholders in order to consider them during forming the system of marketing instruments for the green investment market. In the paper, the authors proved that manipulation of the publicity principle among stakeholders of the green investment market provoked the spreading of greenwashing. Based on the traditional 8P marketing concept and taking into account specificity of green investments, the authors developed a system of modern marketing instruments for the green investment market.

The paper deals with the analysis of the main preconditions to develop the concept of green investments marketing. Thus, the authors justified that current ecological, economic, social and political conflicts, as well as lack of financial resources, require to attract the additional investments to the national economy for the implementation of the indicators of sustainable development goals. The authors systematized the main parameters of green investments and their stakeholders in order to consider them during forming the system of marketing instruments for the green investment market. In the paper, the authors proved that manipulation of the publicity principle among stakeholders of the green investment market provoked the spreading of greenwashing. Based on the traditional 8P marketing concept and taking into account specificity of green investments, the authors developed a system of modern marketing instruments for the green investment market.

The paper deals with the analysis of the main preconditions to develop the concept of green investments marketing. Thus, the authors justified that current ecological, economic, social and political conflicts, as well as lack of financial resources, require to attract the additional investments to the national economy for the implementation of the indicators of sustainable development goals. The authors systematized the main parameters of green investments and their stakeholders in order to consider them during forming the system of marketing instruments for the green investment market. In the paper, the authors proved that manipulation of the publicity principle among stakeholders of the green investment market provoked the spreading of greenwashing. Based on the traditional 8P marketing concept and taking into account specificity of green investments, the authors developed a system of modern marketing instruments for the green investment market.

Innovation is the engine and accelerator that drives high-quality economic and enterprise development. In recent years, the output of scientific and technological innovation in China has been high, but the phenomenon of low efficiency and low quality of innovation occurs frequently. In this study, first, technological innovation efficiency (TIE) was measured. Then, a dynamic evaluation and analysis of spatial-temporal characteristics of efficiency were performed. Lastly, the driving factors of innovation efficiency were explored. TIE was calculated dynamically in 30 provinces of China from 2011 to 2019 based on the improved super-efficiency SBM-DEA model. Then, the kernel density estimation method was adopted to analyse the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and dynamic evolution process of provincial efficiency. The findings confirm that from 2011 to 2019, the top five provinces for TIE in China were Beijing (1.0), Shanghai (0.96), Hainan (0.96), Jilin (0.94) and Tianjin (0.91). The provinces with lowest average efficiency were Qinghai (0.77), Ningxia (0.73) and Inner Mongolia (0.73). The significant differences in the level of technological innovation in different regions were caused by the long-term and in-depth implementation of the government's strategy of revitalising science and driving innovation in parts of areas. The findings of kernel function confirm that the TIE in most parts of China was gradually polarised. Furthermore, the results show that for every 1 unit of government R&D funding support, the average marginal utility of the expected TIE will reach 0.192, which is more significant in the central and western regions. On this basis, combined with environmental factors of innovation market, infrastructure, financing and enterprise innovation potential, the article also extracts the driving factors that affect the differences in provincial efficiency. The findings provide a reference for guiding provinces to carry out innovation activities independently and improve innovation ...

This paper evaluates the recent trends in international migration and different viewpoints (arguments and counterarguments) on global population movement and examines the impacts of the social, economic, ecological, and political determinants of regional and international migration. The paper aims to analyse and compare the causal relationships between international migration, on the one hand, and economic, ecological, and socio-politic dimensions of EU countries' development, on the other. The authors consider the impact power of the above-mentioned dimensions on the long-term net migration for the potential candidates to access the EU. First, it identifies and justifies the object of research as the EU countries and the potential EU candidates. Second, the article provides a short literature review as the authors highlight that the EU countries had the highest share of all world migrants, according to the report of the U.N. Population Division. Third, it provides the background of materials collection and methods of the study of the analyses of the panel data for 2000–2018 using the FMOLS and DOLS. Fourth, it presents the results of the study having analysed the different concepts and theories, the authors single out the core economic, ecological, and socio-politic determinants of international migration: wages, unemployment rate, income inequality (measured by the Gini coefficient), corruption, and political stability (measured by World Government Indicators), CO2 emissions and material footprint per capita (measured by Sustainable Development Index). The discussion and conclusion section summarizes the findings of the research and evaluates the structural similarities and differences among the EU countries and potential candidates and if these similarities (or differences) cause them to respond similarly to the economic conditions and changes.

This paper investigates the impact of renewable energy sources (RESs), CO2 emissions, macroeconomics, and the political stability in a country on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The authors analyse the dynamics of RESs use, CO2 emissions, and GDP development and also test the following hypotheses: (1) The country&rsquo ; s economic growth is related to the energy consumption, in terms of both human resources and capital ; (2) the share of the renewable energy consumption of the total energy consumption has a positive impact on the economic growth ; and (3) the share of the renewable energy consumption of the total energy consumption is unrelated to the economic growth. To test the above hypotheses, the authors use the modified Cobb-Douglas production function, which also considers RES production volumes, CO2 emissions, and economic growth. The study employs data between 1995 to 2015 from the candidate and potential candidate countries for the EU membership. The data are drawn from the World Bank and Eurostat. The analyses entail panel unit root tests, Pedroni panel cointegration tests, fully modified OLS (FMOLS), dynamic OLS (DOLS) panel cointegration techniques, and the Vector Error Correction model (VECM). The findings confirm the relationship between RESs, CO2 emissions, and the GDP. For the EU countries, RESs as human resources and capital have an impact on the GDP. Moreover, the results reveal a correction retraction when the economic growth leads to an increase in renewable energy consumption. The investigation also finds that candidate and potential candidate countries for the EU membership should foster renewable energy development. The authors conclude that developing affordable and effective instruments and mechanisms to boost the RES implementation is necessary to decrease the anthropogenic impact on the environment (in particular, decreasing CO2 emissions) without any attendant reduction in the economic growth.

The paper aimed to formalise the relationship between the level of Ukrainian energy efficiency from 30 indicators of social, ecological and economic development of the country. The main purpose of the study is to identify the impact and dependence of socio-ecological and economic indicators on the level of energy efficiency using multiple correlation-regression analysis. The systematisation of the analysed results allowed identifying the core directions to overcome the issues of the slow pace of energy efficiency improvement and the development of carbon neutrality of the country. The relevance of this scientific solution to the problem is that the level of energy efficiency is influenced by a large number of socio-ecological and economic factors sometimes independent of each other. The authors analysed the relationship between the level of energy efficiency and socio-ecological and economic indicators of country development. The investigation consisted from the following stages: conducting polynomial-regression analysis of energy efficiency development in Ukraine; development of correlation-regression multiple models of relationships between energy efficiency indicator and socio-ecological-economic indicators; explaining the conclusions and providing recommendations considering the findings. The object of the study was the processes of energy efficiency relationships with 30 indicators of socio-ecological and economic development, namely how much they affect the energy development of the country. The conclusions were theoretical and practical in terms of the impact on the level of energy efficiency of interdisciplinary indicators. The conclusions which proved by the empirical findings allowed identifying weaknesses in the development of the national economy, as well as to improve and increase the energy potential of the country through energy efficiency development strategies due to the studied determinants that have a strong impact on the level of energy efficiency.

Keywords: energy efficiency, carbon-free economy, sustainable development, energy sector, green energy, energy security.

The paper deals with the analysis of the main preconditions to develop the strategy of the green brand promotion with the purpose to attract additional green investment to the company's development. In this case, the authors allocated the main features of green investment which should be taken into account during the developing of the marketing program to promote the green brand of the company. The authors identified the main approaches to define the meaning of a green brand. Thus, in the paper, the authors defined the green brand as the unique symbols, signs, words or combinations of them which developed the green imagination about the company which operations correspond to the sustainable development goals. In the paper, the authors allocated the main drivers of the green brand as follows: green brand equity, green trust and green satisfaction. Besides, green brand equity has a mediating role between green trust and green satisfaction. With the purpose to increase the efficiency of the marketing program to promote green brand the authors generalized the main principals which should be considered by the companies. The authors highlighted that using greenwashing lead to the huge reputation loses. Besides, greenwashing decreases the level of trust to the green brand among stakeholders of the green investment market. The authors proposed to solve the abovementioned problem through the publication in free access to the nonfinancial report by the company on a regular basis. In addition, it should be obligatory and to control by the government. In the paper, the theoretical basis of the linking between sustainability, green brand perception and company policy performance was identified by the authors.

У статті авторами проаналізовані передумови формування механізмів залучення додаткових зелених інвестицій на фінансування заходів по досягненню цілей сталого розвитку та зеленого зростання економіки країни. При цьому авторами визначено, що одним із перспективних шляхів невіліювання наявних бар'єрів (стереотипне мислення, асиметрія інформації, неузгодженість цілей та інтересів основних стейкхолдерів, тощо) є формування дієвої маркетингової програми промоції зелених інвестицій. Авторами було виокремлено основних стейкхолдерів ринку зелених інвестицій та охарактеризовано їх інтереси з урахуванням специфіки зелених інвестицій. При цьому авторами, запропоновано механізм колоборації стейкхолдерів ринку зелених інвестицій, що враховує та узгоджує їх інтереси за допомогою виокремленого економічного, мотиваційного, організаційного, нормативного та маркетингового забезпечення. У статті доведено необхідність врахування принципів системної динаміки при формуванні механізму колаборації стейкхолдерів, з метою мінімізації ймовірності виникнення ланцюгової реакції появи негативних шоків, протиріч та конфліктів у ланцюгах взаємодії між стейкхолдерами. У рамках розробленого колабораційного механізму авторами охарактеризовано маркетингову концепцію 8Р з урахуванням специфіки зелених інвестицій: ціноутворення з урахуванням зелених цілей, зелені інвестиції як продукт, позиціювання на ринку зелених інвестицій, просування бренду «зелений», формування зеленого іміджу та бренду, основні стейкхолдери ринку зелених інвестицій, державна підтримка та політичний клімат, зелене виробництво, якість та сертифікація. Окрім цього, поряд із традиційними маркетинговими інструментами колабораційного механізму авторами сформовано систему сучасних маркетингових інструментів просування зелених інвестицій. Авторами наголошено, що подальших досліджень потребує система інструментів підвищення рівня довіри основних стейкхолдерів до бренду «зелений», а також необхідним є аналіз підходів до формування зеленого бренду як на рівні країни так і компанії. ; The paper deals with analyses of the preconditions to develop mechanisms for attracting additional green investments to finance the achievement of sustainable development goals and the country's green growth. At the same time, the authors proved that one of the most attractive ways to avoid the current barriers (stereotyped thinking, information asymmetry, the inconsistency of goals and interests among stakeholders, etc.) was the formation of the promotion program for green investments. The authors identified the main shareholders of the green investment market and characterized their interests, considering the specifics of green investments. Moreover, the authors developed the stakeholders' collaboration mechanism of the green investment market, considering their interests through a distinct economic, motivational, organizational, regulatory and marketing support. In the paper, the authors justified the necessity to format stakeholders' collaboration mechanism basing on system dynamics principles in order to minimize the negative shocks, contradictions and conflicts in the interaction chains between stakeholders. Within the framework of the developed collaborative mechanism, the authors described 8P marketing concept taking into account the specifics of green investments: green pricing, green investment as a product, positioning in the green investment market, promotion of the green brand, the formation of a green image and brand, key stakeholders in the green investment market, government support and political climate, green production, quality and certification. In addition, along with traditional marketing instrument of the stakeholders' collaboration mechanism, the authors allocated modern marketing instruments to promote green investments. The authors identified the further investigation direction as follows: analyse of the approaches to increase the trust level of key stakeholders to the brand "green"; analyse of the approaches to the format the green brand as for the country as for the company.

У статті авторами проаналізовані передумови формування механізмів залучення додаткових зелених інвестицій на фінансування заходів по досягненню цілей сталого розвитку та зеленого зростання економіки країни. При цьому авторами визначено, що одним із перспективних шляхів невіліювання наявних бар'єрів (стереотипне мислення, асиметрія інформації, неузгодженість цілей та інтересів основних стейкхолдерів, тощо) є формування дієвої маркетингової програми промоції зелених інвестицій. Авторами було виокремлено основних стейкхолдерів ринку зелених інвестицій та охарактеризовано їх інтереси з урахуванням специфіки зелених інвестицій. При цьому авторами, запропоновано механізм колоборації стейкхолдерів ринку зелених інвестицій, що враховує та узгоджує їх інтереси за допомогою виокремленого економічного, мотиваційного, організаційного, нормативного та маркетингового забезпечення. У статті доведено необхідність врахування принципів системної динаміки при формуванні механізму колаборації стейкхолдерів, з метою мінімізації ймовірності виникнення ланцюгової реакції появи негативних шоків, протиріч та конфліктів у ланцюгах взаємодії між стейкхолдерами. У рамках розробленого колабораційного механізму авторами охарактеризовано маркетингову концепцію 8Р з урахуванням специфіки зелених інвестицій: ціноутворення з урахуванням зелених цілей, зелені інвестиції як продукт, позиціювання на ринку зелених інвестицій, просування бренду «зелений», формування зеленого іміджу та бренду, основні стейкхолдери ринку зелених інвестицій, державна підтримка та політичний клімат, зелене виробництво, якість та сертифікація. Окрім цього, поряд із традиційними маркетинговими інструментами колабораційного механізму авторами сформовано систему сучасних маркетингових інструментів просування зелених інвестицій. Авторами наголошено, що подальших досліджень потребує система інструментів підвищення рівня довіри основних стейкхолдерів до бренду «зелений», а також необхідним є аналіз підходів до формування зеленого бренду як на рівні країни так і компанії. ; The paper deals with analyses of the preconditions to develop mechanisms for attracting additional green investments to finance the achievement of sustainable development goals and the country's green growth. At the same time, the authors proved that one of the most attractive ways to avoid the current barriers (stereotyped thinking, information asymmetry, the inconsistency of goals and interests among stakeholders, etc.) was the formation of the promotion program for green investments. The authors identified the main shareholders of the green investment market and characterized their interests, considering the specifics of green investments. Moreover, the authors developed the stakeholders' collaboration mechanism of the green investment market, considering their interests through a distinct economic, motivational, organizational, regulatory and marketing support. In the paper, the authors justified the necessity to format stakeholders' collaboration mechanism basing on system dynamics principles in order to minimize the negative shocks, contradictions and conflicts in the interaction chains between stakeholders. Within the framework of the developed collaborative mechanism, the authors described 8P marketing concept taking into account the specifics of green investments: green pricing, green investment as a product, positioning in the green investment market, promotion of the green brand, the formation of a green image and brand, key stakeholders in the green investment market, government support and political climate, green production, quality and certification. In addition, along with traditional marketing instrument of the stakeholders' collaboration mechanism, the authors allocated modern marketing instruments to promote green investments. The authors identified the further investigation direction as follows: analyse of the approaches to increase the trust level of key stakeholders to the brand "green"; analyse of the approaches to the format the green brand as for the country as for the company.

This paper examines the economic relationships between oil price volatility and socially-economic development of 14 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) using the annual panel data for the period 1990–2014 obtained from the World Bank (WB) statistical data sets. Hausman specification test has been performed to choose the method of panel data analysis, and the results were in favor of fixed effects estimation. The main findings indicate the direct relationship between economic growth and oil price volatility. The research supports the hypothesis that an increase in crude oil prices is positively related to GDP, and a 10% increase in oil prices correlates with 0.6-4% GDP improvements. Structural changes in employment in favor of service sector are negatively correlated with GDP per capita. Changes in GDP structure in favor of oil rents on 10% lead to the shrinking of GDP on 1%. Life expectancy at birth, as an indirect indicator of health, positively influences the economic growth indicators and an improvement in life expectancy on one percentage leads on average to 1% growth in GDP and 0.5-1.33% growth in GDP per capita. Energy efficiency improvements are positive drivers of GDP values at OPEC, and our findings suggest that a 10% increase at GDP per unit of energy use leads to 3% increase of GDP itself. The study recommends investing in energy efficiency, human capital, and capital formation to guarantee long-run economic development and prosperity of OPEC counties.

The main objective of this research is to study the role and impact of fiscal decentralization on the macroeconomic stability of the country. The paper analyzes and systematizes approaches to the definition of 'macroeconomic stability' concept. The key factors that impact macroeconomic stability are identified. In the framework of this research, the authors identify fiscal decentralization as one of the factors affecting macroeconomic stability. To determine the strength and statistical significance of the above mentioned relationship, the authors suggest presenting macroeconomic stability as a functional dependency between macroeconomic stability and the level of fiscal decentralization, which is described by the following variables: the growth rate of money supply, investment and openness of the economy, fiscal decentralization. In this case, it is suggested to determine the level of fiscal decentralization in three directions: expenditure decentralization, revenue decentralization and expenditure decentralization simultaneously.

The purpose of this article is to propose the integrated index of Public Governance efficiency based on the Fishburne's method, considering the impact's power and direction of the different sub-indexes (Worldwide Government Indicators) on macroeconomic stability and eliminating the issue of multicollinearity. The object of the study was 11 European countries that had two common features: 1) in the political sphere, during 1990–1992 the countries started the political transformation process by refusing the monopoly of the communistic regime; 2) in the economic sphere, the countries experienced transformation from planned to market economy. Based on these criteria, the following countries were selected: Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Armenia, Belorussia, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. The research findings proved a connection between the political and social determinants and the macroeconomic stability for the all the countries. Moreover, the research results confirmed the existence of a cycle of social and political conflict, which depends on inter-relation of Public Governance and the society, where the efficiency of Public Governance cannot be achieved without the support from the society, and the society cannot cooperate with non-effective Public Governance.

The purpose of this article is to propose the integrated index of Public Governance efficiency based on the Fishburne's method, considering the impact's power and direction of the different sub-indexes (Worldwide Government Indicators) on macroeconomic stability and eliminating the issue of multicollinearity. The object of the study was 11 European countries that had two common features: 1) in the political sphere, during 1990–1992 the countries started the political transformation process by refusing the monopoly of the communistic regime; 2) in the economic sphere, the countries experienced transformation from planned to market economy. Based on these criteria, the following countries were selected: Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Armenia, Belorussia, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. The research findings proved a connection between the political and social determinants and the macroeconomic stability for the all the countries. Moreover, the research results confirmed the existence of a cycle of social and political conflict, which depends on inter-relation of Public Governance and the society, where the efficiency of Public Governance cannot be achieved without the support from the society, and the society cannot cooperate with non-effective Public Governance.

The purpose of this article is to propose the integrated index of Public Governance efficiency based on the Fishburne's method, considering the impact's power and direction of the different sub-indexes (Worldwide Government Indicators) on macroeconomic stability and eliminating the issue of multicollinearity. The object of the study was 11 European countries that had two common features: 1) in the political sphere, during 1990–1992 the countries started the political transformation process by refusing the monopoly of the communistic regime; 2) in the economic sphere, the countries experienced transformation from planned to market economy. Based on these criteria, the following countries were selected: Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Armenia, Belorussia, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. The research findings proved a connection between the political and social determinants and the macroeconomic stability for the all the countries. Moreover, the research results confirmed the existence of a cycle of social and political conflict, which depends on inter-relation of Public Governance and the society, where the efficiency of Public Governance cannot be achieved without the support from the society, and the society cannot cooperate with non-effective Public Governance.